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Round-bottom flasks (also called round-bottomed flasks, Flasks, round bottom, or R B Flasks) are types of flasks having spherical bottoms used as laboratory glassware, mostly for chemical or biochemical work.〔"OCS Lab Equipment: round Bottom Flask." Department of Chemistry - Home. Web. 17 Nov. 2011. The ends of the necks are usually conical (female) ground glass joints. These are standardized, and can accept any similarly-sized tapered (male) fittings. Standard Taper 24/40 is common for 250 mL or larger flasks, while smaller sizes such as 14 or 19 are used for smaller flasks. Because of the round bottom, cork rings are needed to keep the round bottom flasks upright. When in use, round-bottom flasks are commonly held at the neck by clamps on a stand. ==Uses== * Heating and/or boiling of liquid. * Distillation. * Contain chemical reactions. * Distilling flask in Rotary evaporators. * Storage the culture media. The round bottoms on these types of flasks allow more uniform heating and/or boiling of liquid. Thus, round-bottom flasks are used in a variety of applications where the contents are heated or boiled. Round-bottom flasks are used in distillation by chemists as distilling flasks and receiving flasks for the distillate (see distillation diagram). One-neck round-bottom flasks are used as the distilling flasks in rotary evaporators. This flask shape is also more resistant to fracturing under vacuum, as a sphere more evenly distributes stress across its surface. Round-bottom flasks are often used to contain chemical reactions run by chemists, especially for reflux set-ups and laboratory-scale synthesis.〔"Home Page." Department of Chemistry. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2011. 〕 Round bottom flasks suffer from poor stirring when compared with Erlenmeyer flasks, as they can't accept large stir bars and material can become trapped at the base. For a reflux set-up, a condenser is typically attached to the middle or only neck of the flask being used. Additional necks on a flask could allow a thermometer or a mechanical stirrer to be inserted into the flask contents. The additional necks can also allow a dropping funnel to be attached to let reactants slowly drip in.〔"Home Page". Department of Chemistry. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2011. Special electrically powered heating mantles are available in various sizes into which the bottoms of round-bottom flasks can fit so that the contents of a flask can be heated for distillation, chemical reactions, boiling, etc. Heating can also be accomplished by submerging the bottom of the flask into a heat bath, water bath, or sand bath. Similarly cooling can be accomplished by partial submerging into a cooling bath, filled with e.g. cold water, ice, eutectic mixtures, dry ice/solvent mixtures, or liquid nitrogen. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Round-bottom flask」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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